character: Pope Gregory VII
topic: Conflict over investiture, a key figure opposing lay investiture.
grade: 11
subject: History
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character: Henry IV of Germany
topic: The Holy Roman Emperor involved in the investiture controversy.
grade: 11
subject: History
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character: Pope Calixtus II
topic: The Pope who signed the Concordat of Worms in 1122.
grade: 11
subject: History
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character: Holy Roman Empire
topic: The political entity affected by the resolution of the investiture conflict.
grade: 11
subject: History
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