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character: Papal Factions
topic: Impact on the Catholic Church: During the medieval period, various factions emerged within the Catholic Church, significantly influencing its political and theological landscape.
topic: The Avignon Papacy (1309-1377) exemplified papal factionalism, causing a split that weakened the Church's authority and led to the Western Schism.
topic: The rise of reformist factions within the Church challenged the established order, leading to calls for reform and contributing to the Protestant Reformation.
topic: Cardinal factions played a critical role in papal elections, impacting the direction of Church policies and influencing broader European political dynamics.